3D Microscopy Optical concepts 3D Microscope Fluorescence Microscopes Image Formation Numerical Aperture Point Spread Function (PSF) Sampling Density UnderSampling and Nyquist Rate Anti Aliasing and Aliasing Artifacts Refractive Index Mismatch Spherical Aberration: Mismatch Distorts Psf Fishtank Effect Total Internal Reflection Other concepts Clipped Images Bleaching Effects Pinhole Radius Optical Effects Other Optical Concepts Microscopical image processing 3D Image BackGround vs Black Level Signal To Noise Ratio Recommended Reading